Vacuum excavation uses high-pressure air or water to loosen soil which is then extracted by a powerful vacuum into a storage tank. It is the safest method for exposing buried services because it eliminates the risk of mechanical damage to cables and pipes. However, the equipment itself creates hazards from high-pressure jets, powerful suction, noise, and dust. This talk covers safe vacuum excavation practices.
Key Hazards
Injection injuries from high-pressure air or water jets penetrating the skin
Entrapment of hands, clothing, or body parts in the powerful suction nozzle
Hearing damage from sustained high noise levels during vacuum operation
Dust inhalation from dry suction excavation without adequate suppression
Control Measures
Ensure operators are trained and competent in the specific vacuum excavation equipment being used.
Never point the high-pressure lance at any person or body part during operation.
Keep hands and loose clothing well clear of the suction nozzle at all times during excavation.
Wear hearing protection rated for the noise level of the specific vacuum unit in use.
Use wet suction methods where possible to reduce airborne dust at the excavation point.
Establish an exclusion zone around the working area to keep non-essential personnel clear.
Inspect all hoses, lances, and connections before each shift for damage, wear, or leaks.
Position the vacuum unit on firm level ground with the parking brake engaged and wheels chocked.
Brief the operator and assistant on the dig plan, service locations, and emergency stop procedures.
Remember
Operators must be trained and competent in the specific vacuum excavation equipment in use
Never point the high-pressure lance at any person and keep hands clear of the suction nozzle
Wear hearing protection rated for the noise level of the vacuum unit throughout all operations
Use wet suction methods where possible to reduce dust at the excavation point
Inspect all hoses, lances, and connections before each shift for damage or wear
Establish an exclusion zone around the work area to keep non-essential personnel clear
Applicable Legislation: PUWER 1998 · Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 · HSG47 (Avoiding Danger from Underground Services) · Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974