A thorough risk assessment is the foundation of every safe confined space entry. The Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 require that entry is avoided wherever possible, and where it cannot be avoided, a safe system of work must be established before anyone enters. A poor or incomplete assessment has been a contributing factor in the majority of confined space fatalities in the UK.
Key Hazards
Toxic or oxygen-depleted atmosphere not identified before entry
Flooding or engulfment risks overlooked in the risk assessment
Inadequate rescue plan due to incomplete hazard identification
Workers entering without awareness of the specific space hazards
Control Measures
Identify all confined spaces on site and determine whether entry is genuinely necessary.
Assess the atmosphere for oxygen depletion, toxic gases, and flammable vapours before every entry.
Identify all potential sources of ingress including pipework, drains, and adjacent process areas.
Determine the correct ventilation strategy, PPE requirements, and communication methods for the space.
Develop a written safe system of work and rescue plan specific to each confined space.
Ensure the risk assessment is reviewed whenever the space conditions or the task changes.
Brief all operatives on the risk assessment findings and emergency procedures before entry.
Record the assessment and keep it available at the entry point throughout the work.
Involve the entry team in the risk assessment process to capture practical knowledge of the space.
Emergency / Rescue
If the atmosphere alarm sounds or anyone feels unwell inside the space, evacuate immediately. Do not re-enter to rescue a casualty without breathing apparatus. Activate the rescue plan. Call 999 stating confined space emergency.
Remember
Always assess whether entry to the confined space can be avoided entirely before proceeding
Test the atmosphere for oxygen, toxic gases, and flammable vapours before every single entry
A written safe system of work and rescue plan must be in place before anyone enters
Review the risk assessment whenever the space conditions or the planned task changes
Brief every member of the entry team on the specific hazards and emergency procedures
Applicable Legislation: Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 · MHSWR 1999 · ACOP L101 (Safe Work in Confined Spaces) · Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974