Safe access into and out of excavations is a fundamental requirement that is frequently overlooked on construction sites. Workers must be able to enter and exit excavations quickly and safely, especially in an emergency. Ladders must be positioned at regular intervals and extend above the excavation edge. Climbing trench sheets, shoring frames, or excavation sides is prohibited and has caused serious falls and injuries.
Key Hazards
Falls when climbing in or out of excavations without proper access equipment
Inability to escape quickly during a trench collapse or flooding emergency
Ladder displacement or failure causing falls into the excavation
Workers using trench sheets or shoring as improvised access points
Control Measures
Provide ladders at intervals not exceeding 25 metres along the length of any excavation.
Ensure all ladders extend at least one metre above the top of the excavation for safe handhold.
Secure ladders at the top to prevent displacement and position them on firm, level ground.
Never climb on trench sheets, shoring frames, or excavation side walls to enter or exit.
Ensure access points are kept clear of spoil heaps, materials, and obstructions at all times.
Inspect all access ladders at the start of each shift for damage and correct positioning.
Provide ramped access for excavations where wheeled equipment needs to enter or exit safely.
Brief all workers on the designated access points and emergency egress routes before entry.
Consider the effects of water, mud, and ice on ladder rungs and access surfaces during wet weather.
Remember
Ladders must be provided at regular intervals and extend one metre above the excavation edge.
Never climb trench sheets, shoring, or excavation walls — use the designated ladder access only.
Access points must be kept clear of spoil and materials so you can get out quickly in an emergency.
Ladder rungs can become slippery in wet or icy conditions — check before each use.
In an emergency, you need to be able to reach a ladder within seconds — positioning matters.
Inspect all access equipment daily and report any defects before using the excavation.
Applicable Legislation: CDM Regulations 2015 · Work at Height Regulations 2005 · Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974