Made Ground and Unknown Fill Hazards

Toolbox Talk Record

Ref: TBT-REM-009  |  Issue: 1  |  Date: March 2026
PresenterProject
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What?

Why?

Contamination exposureWorkers excavating in made ground contact asbestos, chemicals, and biological hazards hidden in the fill material.
Ground gas riskMethane and CO2 from decomposing fill accumulate in excavations, creating explosion and asphyxiation hazards.
Collapse riskMade ground has no natural structure. Excavation sides in loose fill collapse suddenly and without warning.
Do Don't
  • Review the desk study and site investigation data before excavating made ground.
  • Monitor for ground gases in all excavations through made ground or former landfill.
  • Wear gloves, safety boots, and RPE when handling potentially contaminated fill.
  • Support excavation sides in made ground; do not rely on the fill to stand unsupported.
  • Stop work and report immediately if suspected asbestos is found in the fill.
  • Classify and dispose of contaminated excavated material as controlled or hazardous waste.
  • Brief all operatives on the types of contamination expected from the site investigation.
  • Use an exclusion zone around the excavation face where contaminated material is exposed.
  • Wash hands and remove contaminated clothing before eating, drinking, or leaving site.
  • Record all unexpected contamination finds and report them to the site management.
  • DON'T excavate made ground without reviewing the site investigation data first.
  • DON'T assume made ground is clean because it looks like natural soil.
  • DON'T enter excavations in made ground without gas monitoring equipment running.
  • DON'T handle suspected asbestos found in fill without trained specialist support.
  • DON'T leave excavation sides unsupported in loose or variable fill material.
  • DON'T dispose of excavated made ground without waste classification testing.
  • DON'T ignore unusual smells, colours, or textures in the excavated material.
  • DON'T eat, drink, or smoke near excavations in potentially contaminated ground.
  • DON'T pick through fill material with bare hands looking for objects.
  • DON'T spread contaminated fill across clean areas of the site for use as fill.

See also: Contaminated Land Safety Awareness | Ground Gas Monitoring