Evacuating from a tunnel during an emergency is far more complex than evacuating a surface site. Routes are long, lighting may fail, smoke or gas can fill the tunnel rapidly, and workers may be deep underground with limited exit options. Every tunnel worker must know the evacuation procedure, refuge locations, and emergency communication systems before entering the tunnel for the first time.
Key Hazards
Smoke or toxic gas filling the tunnel and blocking the evacuation route
Power failure causing total darkness in the tunnel during evacuation
Long evacuation distances from the tunnel face to the nearest exit point
Panic and confusion due to unfamiliarity with emergency procedures underground
Control Measures
Attend the tunnel emergency induction and practice evacuation drill before starting work underground.
Know the location of all emergency exits, refuge chambers, and fresh air bases in the tunnel.
Carry a personal self-rescuer or escape set as required by the tunnel emergency plan at all times.
Follow the illuminated escape route markers or guide ropes to the nearest emergency exit.
Respond immediately to the tunnel alarm signal by stopping work and moving towards the exit.
Report to the muster point at the tunnel portal and confirm your name on the personnel register.
Do not re-enter the tunnel after evacuation until the tunnel safety officer authorises return.
Ensure your headtorch and cap lamp battery is fully charged before every shift underground.
Familiarise yourself with the emergency communication system including phone points and radio channels.
Emergency / Rescue
When the tunnel alarm sounds, stop work immediately. Put on your self-rescuer if smoke or gas is present. Follow the escape route markers towards the nearest portal or refuge chamber. Report to the muster point on exit.
Remember
Know the location of all emergency exits, refuge chambers, and fresh air bases before entering
Carry your personal self-rescuer or escape set at all times while working underground
Follow illuminated escape route markers or guide ropes to the nearest exit during evacuation
Report to the muster point at the portal and confirm your name on the personnel register
Never re-enter the tunnel after evacuation until the tunnel safety officer authorises return
Applicable Legislation: CDM Regulations 2015 · Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 · Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 · Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974