WWT/Process Areas/TBT-WWT-018

Pathogen and Infection Risk

Water & Wastewater Treatment › Process Areas › Pathogen and Infection Risk

Presenter		Project
Location		Date

Workers at wastewater treatment works are exposed to bacteria, viruses, and parasites in sewage.
Common pathogens include E. coli, Salmonella, Hepatitis A, Cryptosporidium, and Leptospira.
Infection routes include ingestion, inhalation of aerosols, skin contact, and entry through cuts or wounds.
Aeration processes, inlet works screening, and sludge handling generate bioaerosols that can be inhaled.
Leptospirosis (Weil's disease) is contracted through contact with water contaminated by rat urine.
Hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for all workers with regular sewage contact.
Personal hygiene is the single most effective control — handwashing before eating prevents most infections.
Cuts and abrasions must be covered with waterproof dressings before entering sewage work areas.
COSHH 2002 requires biological hazard assessment for all work involving contact with sewage or sludge.
Contaminated work clothing must not be worn in rest areas or taken home for domestic laundering.

Serious illness	Sewage pathogens cause diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to potentially fatal leptospirosis and hepatitis.
Aerosol exposure	Bioaerosols from aeration and screening are inhaled unknowingly, delivering pathogens deep into the lungs.
Legal duty	COSHH 2002 requires employers to assess and control biological hazards in wastewater work environments.

Don't

Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating, drinking, or smoking
Cover all cuts, grazes, and open wounds with waterproof dressings before entering site
Ensure hepatitis A and tetanus vaccinations are current before starting sewage work
Wear waterproof gloves, coveralls, and eye protection when handling sewage or sludge
Change out of contaminated work clothing before entering the rest area or canteen
Complete a COSHH assessment covering biological hazards for each work activity
Use RPE where bioaerosol exposure from aeration or screening is significant
Report any symptoms of illness including fever, vomiting, or jaundice promptly
Shower after prolonged sewage contact before leaving the treatment works site
Launder contaminated work clothing separately from personal clothing

DON'T eat, drink, or smoke before washing your hands after sewage contact
DON'T enter sewage work areas with uncovered cuts or wounds on your skin
DON'T take contaminated work clothing home or wear it in the canteen
DON'T touch your face, eyes, or mouth while working in sewage environments
DON'T work at wastewater sites without current hepatitis A and tetanus vaccinations
DON'T ignore flu-like symptoms after sewage exposure — seek medical advice promptly
DON'T use compressed air to clean sewage splashes from surfaces or equipment
DON'T enter aeration areas without assessing the bioaerosol inhalation risk
DON'T dismiss gastrointestinal illness as unrelated — report it for investigation
DON'T underestimate the infection risk from dilute or apparently clean sewage

See also: Leptospirosis (Weil's Disease) | Wastewater Treatment Works Safety Awareness

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