DAM/General/TBT-DAM-001

Dam and Reservoir Safety Awareness

Dams, Reservoirs & Flood Defence › General › Dam and Reservoir Safety Awareness

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Dams and reservoirs are regulated structures where failure can cause catastrophic flooding and loss of life downstream.
The Reservoirs Act 1975 requires all large raised reservoirs to be supervised by qualified civil engineers.
Construction work on dams involves deep excavations, heavy earthworks, concrete placement, and working near deep water.
Drowning is a primary hazard — reservoir construction involves open water, deep excavations, and steep embankments.
Dam embankment construction requires precise compaction control — poor compaction can lead to internal erosion and failure.
Spillway and outlet works construction involves confined spaces, deep chambers, and working near high-velocity water flows.
Instrumentation installation on dams requires access to slopes, shafts, and valve towers, often at significant heights.
Flood risk during construction must be managed — diversion channels and temporary cofferdams protect the works from inundation.
Material delivery to dam sites involves large volumes of earthfill, creating intense heavy vehicle movements on haul roads.
Dam construction projects are often in remote locations with limited emergency services access and communication coverage.

Catastrophic failure risk	Dam failure releases millions of litres of water downstream — construction quality and safety directly protect communities below.
Drowning hazard	Deep water, steep slopes, and high-flow channels on dam sites create extreme drowning risk requiring constant water safety measures.
Remote location	Dam sites are often isolated — emergency response times are longer, making prevention and on-site first aid even more critical.

Don't

Wear a personal flotation device when working near open water or reservoir edges.
Follow earthworks compaction specifications precisely — test results must confirm compliance.
Maintain edge protection and barriers around deep excavations and water-adjacent areas.
Ensure flood risk is managed with diversion works before construction in the watercourse.
Follow confined space procedures for all work in spillway chambers and valve towers.
Use banksmen and traffic management for heavy vehicle movements on haul roads.
Carry communication equipment and know the emergency procedure for this remote location.
Monitor weather and river levels — stop work if flooding risk increases.
Ensure first aid provision reflects the remote location and potential delayed emergency response.
Brief all workers on the dam construction hazards and sequence at the start of each phase.

DON'T work near reservoir water or steep embankments without a personal flotation device.
DON'T accept earthworks compaction without verified test results confirming the specification.
DON'T work near deep excavations or water without edge protection and safety barriers.
DON'T begin work in the watercourse without flood diversion measures in place.
DON'T enter spillway chambers or valve towers without a confined space entry permit.
DON'T allow uncontrolled heavy vehicle movements — banksmen and haul road rules are essential.
DON'T work without reliable communication at remote dam sites.
DON'T ignore rising water levels or weather warnings — evacuate the work area promptly.
DON'T assume emergency services will respond quickly — the site may be far from hospitals.
DON'T skip phase briefings — dam construction hazards change significantly with each stage.

See also: Flood Defence Construction Safety | Embankment Dam Construction

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